Located at Northeastern Java Island, Surabaya is one of the oldest Indonesian cities, birth in the year 1293, 728 years old that roots from one of the legendary kingdoms, Majapahit. The Majapahit Kingdom is one of the largest kingdoms in Indonesia. Currently, Surabaya is the third-largest city in Indonesia. Surabaya was rich in cultural diversity from the Majapahit Kingdom. The native citizen of Surabaya since the Singahsari Kingdom before the Majapahit Kingdom famous for courageous behaviour, they are able to fight Mongol army included Netherland army, Portugal army and many more. This bravery also has been influenced by the environment, one of that is the existence of the Gurkha army. Gurkha army is the elite soldier from Nepal and part of the British army, they serve and help the British during the colonization era, but mostly they fought for the British by force. They have been taken to Surabaya by the British. Gurkha army has been ‘train’ by the British when the British invaded India in the 18th century and some northern parts of Nepal. There the Gurkha army materialized. Gurkha army is known for its extraordinary courage and discipline. This phenomenon also influenced the formation of the courage of the social community at that time, they dared to stand up to protect their districts from being colonized by the British. In addition, some of Surabaya's culture can be seen through the historical buildings of the national leaders, For example, Soekarno’s birth house. Soekarno’s is the first president of Indonesia. This house has become government property recently and changed to the museum. Also, its house has been beautified last year. Next, Houses of H.O.S. Tjokroaminoto, he knows as a great teacher and also a great leader in increasing the values of nationalism among young people at that time. The house was built in 1870 and remains intact to this day, also being used as a museum. In 1930 Bung Karno's wedding was also performed in this house, in addition, this house was also lived by the first president of Indonesia. He has a learning style that gives students more opportunities to think independently and creatively, to be allowed to have different opinions and views. Hence, this creates the diversity of ideologies and awakening the community to fight colonial eagerly. Further, the memorial grave of Dr Soetomo, also one of the national leaders through health and education for social development. Museum of W.R. Soepratman also a national leader, he was written the national anthem of Indonesia, ‘Indonesia Raya’. From music, he has united Indonesian citizen to stand and fight for the homeland. Memorial grave of Bung Tomo, he knows a very humble person. Museum of Tugu Pahlawan (Heroes Monument) 10 November, have been built to remember perajurit-perajurit in the battle of Surabaya on 10 November 1945. It can be concluded and proved that Surabaya is a city that has a very brave community that has succeeded in producing many national leaders for Indonesia.
Lectured by Rojil Nugroho Bayu Ali, S.Hum, M.A. from Universitas Negeri Surabaya (UNESA), Indonesia
UNESA Summer Course 2021
1/6/2021 Tuesday (16:00-19:00)
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